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Properties of Cosmic-Ray Sulfur and Determination of the Composition of Primary Cosmic-Ray Carbon, Neon, Magnesium, and Sulfur: Ten-Year Results from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer

We report the properties of primary cosmic-ray sulfur (S) in the rigidity range 2.15 GV to 3.0 TV based on $0.38 \times 10^6$ sulfur nuclei collected by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer experiment (AMS). We observed that above 90 GV the rigidity dependence of the S flux is identical to the rigidity dependence of Ne-Mg-Si fluxes, which is different from the rigidity dependence of the He-C-O-Fe fluxes. We found that, similar to N, Na, and Al cosmic rays, over the entire rigidity range, the traditional primary cosmic rays S, Ne, Mg, and C all have sizeable secondary components, and the S, Ne, and Mg fluxes are well described by the weighted sum of the primary silicon flux and the secondary fluorine flux, and the C flux is well described by the weighted sum of the primary oxygen flux and the secondary boron flux. The primary and secondary contributions of the traditional primary cosmic-ray fluxes of C, Ne, Mg, and S (even $Z$ elements) are distinctly different from the primary and secondary contributions of the N, Na, and Al (odd $Z$ elements) fluxes. The abundance ratio at the source for S/Si is $0.167 \pm 0.006$, for Ne/Si is $0.833 \pm 0.025$, for Mg/Si is $0.994 \pm 0.029$, and for C/O is $0.836 \pm 0.025$. These values are determined independent of cosmic-ray propagation.

Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 211002
FIG. 4. The AMS (a) ΦNe, (b) ΦMg, (c) ΦS with total errors together with fits

AMS-02 Publications

Total citations to-date: 6, 507
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Properties of Cosmic-Ray Sulfur and Determination of the Composition of Primary Cosmic-Ray Carbon, Neon, Magnesium, and Sulfur: Ten-Year Results from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer
Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 211002 (2023), View supplemental material and data
Published on Editors' Suggestion Featured in Physics Physics Viewpoint
Temporal Structures in Electron Spectra and Charge Sign Effects in Galactic Cosmic Rays
Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 161001 (2023), Citations: 1, View supplemental material and data
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Properties of Daily Helium Fluxes
Phys. Rev. Lett. 128, 231102 (2022), Citations: 4, View supplemental material and data
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Periodicities in the Daily Proton Fluxes from 2011 to 2019 Measured by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station from 1 to 100 GV
Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, 271102 (2021), Citations: 13, View supplemental material and data
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Properties of a New Group of Cosmic Nuclei: Results from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on Sodium, Aluminum, and Nitrogen
Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, 021101 (2021), Citations: 14, View supplemental material and data
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Properties of Heavy Secondary Fluorine Cosmic Rays: Results from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer
Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 081102 (2021), Citations: 29, View supplemental material and data
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The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) on the International Space Station: Part II - Results from the First Seven Years
Phys. Rep. 894, 1 (2021), Citations: 157, View supplemental material and data
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Properties of Iron Primary Cosmic Rays: Results from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer
Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 041104 (2021), Citations: 53, View supplemental material and data
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Properties of Neon, Magnesium, and Silicon Primary Cosmic Rays Results from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer
Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 211102 (2020), Citations: 70, View supplemental material and data
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Properties of Cosmic Helium Isotopes Measured by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer
Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 181102 (2019), Citations: 35, View supplemental material and data
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Towards Understanding the Origin of Cosmic-Ray Electrons
Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 101101 (2019), Citations: 134, View supplemental material and data
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Towards Understanding the Origin of Cosmic-Ray Positrons
Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 041102 (2019), Citations: 232, View supplemental material and data
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Precision Measurement of Cosmic-Ray Nitrogen and its Primary and Secondary Components with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station
Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 051103 (2018), Citations: 77, View supplemental material and data
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Observation of Complex Time Structures in the Cosmic-Ray Electron and Positron Fluxes with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station
Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 051102 (2018), Citations: 76, View supplemental material and data
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Observation of Fine Time Structures in the Cosmic Proton and Helium Fluxes with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station
Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 051101 (2018), Citations: 97, View supplemental material and data
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Observation of New Properties of Secondary Cosmic Rays Lithium, Beryllium, and Boron by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station
Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 021101 (2018), Citations: 217, View supplemental material and data
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Observation of the Identical Rigidity Dependence of He, C, and O Cosmic Rays at High Rigidities by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station
Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 251101 (2017), Citations: 243, View supplemental material and data
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Precision Measurement of the Boron to Carbon Flux Ratio in Cosmic Rays from 1.9 GV to 2.6 TV with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station
Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 231102 (2016), Citations: 332, View supplemental material and data
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Antiproton Flux, Antiproton-to-Proton Flux Ratio, and Properties of Elementary Particle Fluxes in Primary Cosmic Rays Measured with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station
Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 091103 (2016), Citations: 507, View supplemental material and data
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Precision Measurement of the Helium Flux in Primary Cosmic Rays of Rigidities 1.9 GV to 3 TV with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station
Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 211101 (2015), Citations: 473, View supplemental material and data
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Precision Measurement of the Proton Flux in Primary Cosmic Rays from Rigidity 1 GV to 1.8 TV with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station
Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 171103 (2015), Citations: 857, View supplemental material and data
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Precision Measurement of the (${\rm e}^+$ + ${\rm e}^−$) Flux in Primary Cosmic Rays from 0.5 GeV to 1 TeV with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station
Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 221102 (2014), Citations: 348, View supplemental material and data
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Electron and Positron Fluxes in Primary Cosmic Rays Measured with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station
Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 121102 (2014), Citations: 596, View supplemental material and data
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High Statistics Measurement of the Positron Fraction in Primary Cosmic Rays of 0.5 – 500 GeV with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station
Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 121101 (2014), Citations: 645, View supplemental material and data
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First Result from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station: Precision Measurement of the Positron Fraction in Primary Cosmic Rays of 0.5–350 GeV
Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 141102 (2013), Citations: 1,297, View supplemental material and data

* Citation information from High-Energy Physics Literature Database.