Antiprotons and Elementary Particles over a Solar Cycle: Results from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer

We present results over an 11-year solar cycle of cosmic antiprotons based on $1.1 \times 10^6$ events in the rigidity range from 1.00 to 41.9 GV. The $\overline{p}$ fluxes exhibit distinct properties. The magnitude of the $\overline{p}$ flux temporal variation is significantly smaller than those of $p$, $e^-$, and $e^+$. A hysteresis between the $\overline{p}$ fluxes and the $p$ fluxes is observed whereas the $\overline{p}$ and $e^-$ fluxes show a linear correlation. With a model-independent analysis, we found a  universal relation between the shape of the rigidity spectrum and the magnitude of flux temporal variation over an 11-year solar cycle for both positively and negatively charged particles. The simultaneous results on $\overline{p}$ and $p$, $e^-$, $e^+$, provide unique information for understanding particle transport in the solar system as a function of mass, charge, and spectral shape.